Note:
In Photoshop CS6, 3D functionality is part of Photoshop Extended. All features in Photoshop Extended are part of Photoshop. Photoshop does not have a separate Extended offering.
8- Create your own Photoshop filters without programming knowledge. Believe it or not, you can do that with Filter Forge, which is a high-end plugin for Adobe Photoshop allowing computer artists to build their own filters – seamless textures, visual effects, distortions, patterns, backgrounds, frames, and more.
But Photoshop CS6 now costs more than $600, and it means that you can pay 5 years for the Photoshop CC. For this time, you will earn ten times more. People pay the same amount for Netflix or Apple Music with pleasure, but this doesn't affect their careers at all, it's just entertainment. You can choose whether you want to use a text watermark or image instead. 7 things above are just a few examples of the things you can do with Photoshop Express. There are more things you can do with Photoshop Express, according to your creativity and needs.
Animage stack combines a group of images with a similar frame of reference,but differences of quality or content across the set. Once combinedin a stack, you can process the multiple images to produce a compositeview that eliminates unwanted content or noise.
You can use image stacks to enhance images in number of ways:
To reduce image noise and distortion in forensic, medical,or astrophotographic images.
To remove unwanted or accidental objects from a series ofstationary photos or a series of video frames. For example, youwant to remove a figure walking through an image, or remove a carpassing in front of the main subject matter.
Image stacks are stored as Smart Objects. The processing optionsyou can apply to the stack are called stack modes. Applying a stackmode to an image stack is a non-destructive edit. You can changestack modes to produce different effects; the original image informationin the stack remains unchanged. To preserve changes after you applythe stack mode, save the result as a new image, or rasterize theSmart Object. You can create an image stack manually or using a script.
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For best results, images contained inan image stack should have the same dimensions and mostly similarcontent, such as a set of still images taken from a fixed viewpoint,or a series of frames from a stationary video camera. The content ofyour images should be similar enough to allow you to register oralign them to other images in the set.
- Combine the separate images into one multi-layeredimage. See Duplicate layers.
Note:
An image stack must contain at least two layers.
You can also combine images using a script (File >Scripts > Load Files into Stack).
Note:
To make the Background layer selectable with theAll Layers command, you must first convert it to a regular layer.
- Choose Edit > Auto-Align Layersand select Auto as the alignment option. If Auto does not creategood registration of your layers, try the Reposition option.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Convert to Smart Object.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Stack Mode and select a stack mode from the submenu.
For noise reduction, use the Mean or Medianplug‑ins.
For removing objects from the image, use the Median plug‑in.
Theoutput is a composite image the same size as the original imagestack. You may need to experiment with different plug‑ins to getthe best enhancement for a particular image.
To change therendering effect, choose a different Stack Mode from the submenu.Stack rendering is not cumulative—each render effect operates on theoriginal image data in the stack and replaces previous effects.
Stackmodes operate on a per-channel basis only, and only on non-transparent pixels.For example, the Maximum mode returns the maximum red, green, and bluechannel values for a pixel cross section and merges them into one compositepixel value in the rendered image.
Rendering plug-in name | Result | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Entropy | entropy = - sum( (probability of value)* log2( probability of value) ) Probability of value = (numberof occurrences of value) / (total number of non-transparent pixels) | The binary entropy (or zero order entropy)defines a lower bound on how many bits would be necessary to losslesslyencode the information in a set. |
Kurtosis | kurtosis = ( sum( (value - mean)4 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels- 1 ) * (standard deviation)4 ). | A measure of peakedness or flatness comparedto a normal distribution. The kurtosis for a standard normal distributionis 3.0. Kurtosis greater than 3 indicates a peaked distribution,and kurtosis less than 3 indicates a flat distribution (comparedto a normal distribution). |
Maximum | The maximum channel values for all non-transparentpixels | |
Mean | The mean channel values for all non-transparent pixels | Effective for noise reduction |
Median | The median channel values for all non-transparent pixels | Effective for noise reduction and removalof unwanted content from the image |
Minimum | The minimum channel values for all non-transparentpixels | |
Range | Maximum minus the minimum of the non-transparentpixel values | |
Skewness | skewness = (sum( (value - mean)3 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels- 1 ) * (standard deviation)3 ) | Skewness is a measure of symmetry or asymmetry aroundthe statistical mean |
Power direct app. Standard Deviation | standard deviation = Square Root(variance) | |
Summation | The sum channel values for all non-transparent pixels | |
Variance | variance = (sum( (value-mean)2 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( number of non-transparent pixels -1) |
- Choose Layers > Smart Objects >Stack Mode > None to remove any rendering from an imagestack and convert it back to a regular Smart Object.
Because an image stack is a Smart Object,you can edit the original images that make up the stack layers atany time.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Edit Contents, or double-click the layer thumbnail. After you savethe edited Smart Object, the stack is automatically rendered withthe last rendering option applied to the stack.
To preserve rendering effects on an imagestack, convert the Smart Object to a regular layer. (You can copythe Smart Object before converting, in case you want to later re‑renderthe image stack.)
Youcan use the Statistics script to automate creating and renderingan image stack.
- Choose a stack mode from the Choose Stack Mode menu.
- Apply the stack mode to currently open files, or browseto select a folder or individual files.
- If desired, select Attempt To Automatically Align SourceImages (equivalent to choosing Edit > Auto-Align Layers).Then click OK.
Photoshop combines the multiple images into a singlemultilayered image, converts the layers into a Smart Object, andapplies the selected stack mode.
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